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June 28, 2002 contains many new important changes to the
Canadian immigration system. Directly below you can find a
brief summary of some of the new provisions in three key
categories of Canadian immigration: business, skilled worker
and family class.
Independent Immigrants: Federal Skilled Worker Class
Subsection 12(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act provides for the selection of immigrants as members of an economic class based on their ability to become successfully established in Canada. The Economic class includes the following classes: the Federal Skilled Worker Class, the Quebec Skilled Worker Class, the Self-employed Person Class, the Investor Class, the Entrepreneur Class and the Provincial Nominee Class.
The Federal Skilled Worker selection model is designed to identify economic immigrants who will be able to provide a significant economic benefit to Canada. Prior to 1988, economic immigrants consistently averaged higher employment earnings than the general Canadian population, even as early as one year after they arrived in Canada.
The new regulations provide for the selection of Federal Skilled Worker based on a human capital approach -?for their flexible skills ? rather than intended occupation. They require that Federal Skilled Worker applicants have at least one year of work experience in the past 10 years in any skilled occupation with no further differentiation among these occupations. The regulations are based on an improved and more objective points system that evaluates all applicants on the basis of their education, language, experience, age, arranged employment and adaptability. The pass mark has recently been lowered to 67 points (out of the maximum 100 points), making it easier for the following types of applicants to qualify under the Federal Skilled Worker class:
- those with high education/language profile but with no connection to Canada;
- those with moderate education/language profile and connection to Canada;
- those with lower education/language profile and with arranged employment;
Personal Interview
The personal interview is a very important aspect of any application for Permanent Resident status in Canada. Applicants may be required to meet with a Canadian Visa Officer in order to discuss their qualifications for immigration to Canada.
Although interview waving is becoming more common for Skilled Worker applicants, a personal interview is always a possibility. A personal interview does not necessarily mean that there is a problem with the application. It could simply mean that the Visa Office is auditing its interview waiver procedures for the purposes of quality control.
The personal interview is designed with two purposes in mind:
- To verify information presented in the application.
- To counsel applicants about establishing in Canada.
Regarding the first point, the Immigration Officer must determine the accuracy of all facts presented in the application. During the interview, supporting documentation may be examined and the applicant may be asked to elaborate on information presented in the written application.
The Visa Officer possesses wide discretionary authority. If, in his or her judgment, the applicant would likely succeed in Canada from an economic standpoint, the Visa Officer may use this authority to admit the applicant even if he or she lacks the points to qualify. Likewise, the Visa Officer may exercise negative discretion and refuse an applicant who scores enough points, if there are reasons that may prevent the applicant from becoming successfully established in Canada.
Once a Visa Officer has determined that an applicant is qualified for immigration to Canada, the personal interview becomes an opportunity for the Visa Officer to provide the applicant with information concerning his or her relocation. This may include information about living and/or working conditions in the area where the applicant intends to reside.
Interview Waiver
A personal interview may or may not be required as part of the Canadian Immigration application process. It is always left to the discretion of the Visa Officer as to whether or not a personal interview is necessary.
Under the Skilled Worker category of Immigration, the selection criteria are objective. As a result, Visa Officer can often assess an applicant's qualifications based solely upon the information and documents submitted in support of the application. In such cases, the personal interview is generally waived. Submitting a perfected application maximizes the chances of an interview waiver.
Personal interviews may be scheduled for the following reasons:
- To clear up inconsistencies in the information and/or documents submitted.
- To complete missing information.
- To address concerns that the Visa Officer may have with respect to the accuracy and truthfulness of the information and/or documents submitted.
- To question matters involving security and/or criminality.
- To audit the process of granting interview waivers.
Visa Officers are not permitted to conduct personal interviews for the purpose of determining language proficiency. The assessment of English and/or French language ability must be made upon the written Statement of Language Ability and supporting documents submitted with the application or according to the scores awarded on the standardized language tests approved by Canadian Immigration authorities.
If a personal interview is required it will generally extend processing delays by six months or even longer.
Dual Intent
Dual Intent refers to the concurrent processing of an application for Permanent Residence and an application for Temporary Status, therefore demonstrating the intention to both reside in Canada permanently and only temporarily, at the same time.
Although this may appear contradictory at first glance, in fact it is possible. Imagine, for example, the following scenario:
An individual submits an application for a Canadian Permanent Resident Visa. Before receiving the Permanent Resident Visa, the individual wishes to visit Canada for a short time and applies for a Temporary Resident Visa, or appears at the Port of Entry, if a national of a TRV Exempt Country. This is perfectly acceptable as long as the individual intends to leave Canada at the end of the visit.
The same principle applies to individuals who are in the process of applying for a Canadian Permanent Resident Visa and wish to obtain a temporary Work Permit or Study Permit.
An individual whose application for Permanent Residence in Canada is pending is subject to the same requirements as others when seeking entry into Canada temporarily. The individual should therefore have a reasonable purpose for entry, be prepared to leave Canada at the end of the temporary stay and understand that if a Permanent Resident Visa is issued, he or she must leave and re-enter Canada in order to officially land as a Permanent Resident.
An application for Temporary Status may be scrutinized more closely when a Permanent Resident application is under review, as there is an obvious intention to settle in Canada permanently. If the individual's ties elsewhere can be demonstrated, however, an application for Temporary Status should succeed.
Business Immigrants
Foreign nationals may be selected as members of the economic class based on their ability to become economically established in Canada. The economic class is comprised of two streams: skilled workers and business immigrants. Business immigrants are selected to support the development of a strong and prosperous Canadian economy, in which the benefits of immigration are shared across all regions in Canada. Members of the business immigrant class include: a) entrepreneurs; b) investors, and c) the self-employed. Each of the three categories serves a different type of immigrant. The common thread among them is the business immigrant's background, business acumen and personal resources, which the immigrant will bring to Canada.
a) Entrepreneurs
The Entrepreneur Program seeks to attract experienced businesspersons who will own and actively manage businesses in Canada that will contribute to the economy and create jobs. Entrepreneurs and their dependants are admitted to Canada under specific conditions that are subsequently monitored by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) after landing. In particular, they must satisfy the following three requirements:
- their equity in the business must be greater than one third (33.3%);
- they must be actively engaged in the management and operation of the business;
- they must create at least one full-time job for a Canadian citizen/Permanent Resident (which can?t be filled by a member of their family).
In addition, within the three years following their arrival in Canada, entrepreneurs must demonstrate that they have met all of the outlined conditions. Once that is demonstrated to the CIC officials, removal of conditions can be granted.
The Applicant must also ensure that he/she meets the definition of Entrepreneur. In order to do that, the Applicant must show that he/she:
- has business experience (please look below for definition);
- has a legally obtained net worth of at least $300,000 (Canadian); and
- is able to provide a written statement verifying that he/she will be in position to meet all of the three requirements outlined above.
Business experience must have taken place in a Qualifying business, defined as a business:
- which is not a business for deriving investment income (interest, dividend, or capital gains); and
- for which documentary evidence of the applicant?s participation in the business must be provided for at least two of the following attributes:
Business participation attributes:
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ATTRIBUTE
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Multiplied by:
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Equal or greater than
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1
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Percentage of equity controlled by applicant
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Number of full-time jobs (equivalents)
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2 full-time job equivalents
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2
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Percentage of equity
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Total annual sales($)
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$500,000
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3
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Percentage of equity
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Annual net income($)
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$50,000
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4
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Percentage of equity
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Net assets
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$125,000
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Time factor for the applicants business experience to count, it must have been accumulated during at least two years in the five-year period before the date of application or decision.
Role: - the entrepreneurs role in the business must have been management and control of a percentage of the equity of the qualifying business according to the following table (the entrepreneur must provide documentary evidence for at least two attributes out of four):
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ATTRIBUTE
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% OF EQUITY CONTROLLED BY APPLICANT
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100%
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50%
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33.33%
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Employment
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2
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4
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6
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Total annual sales ($)
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500,000
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1,000,000
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1,500,000
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Annual net income ($)
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50,000
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100,000
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150,000
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Net assets at year-end
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125,000
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250,000
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375,000
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The Entrepreneur Program began in 1983. In the last five years, 9, 518 entrepreneurs have landed and over 43,000 jobs were created.
b) Investors
The Investor Program seeks to attract experienced businesspersons and capital to Canada. Investors must demonstrate either business experience of at least 2 years (during the 5 years immediately preceding their arrival to Canada), or a proof of 2 years of management of at least 5 full time jobs (again, during the 5 years immediately preceding their arrival to Canada). They must also have a minimum net worth of $800,000 and make an investment of at least $400,000 (all sums in Canadian dollars).
This program will attract passive investors, who do not necessarily want to establish their own businesses in Canada. There are no conditions attached to this type of immigrant visa, other than a five year lock-in on the investment.
In the last five years, 7. 039 investors have landed and over $2.6 billion invested.
c) Self-Employed
Self-employed persons must have the intention and ability to create their own employment and make a significant contribution to the cultural, artistic or athletic life of Canada, or, to create their own employment by purchasing and managing a farm in Canada.
Ideally, self-employed immigrants will have several years of experience in their chosen field, and the demonstrated ability to become successfully established in their business in Canada.
Farmers under Self-Employed class
Managing a farm in Canada includes that class of farmers who have several years of experience in managing a farm and have sufficient resources to purchase and manage a farm in Canada. There are lots of farmers who have experience and resources and can qualify under this self employed class.
In the last five years, 4,414 self employed persons landed in Canada
Family Class Immigration
Canadian immigration policy and legislation have a long tradition of supporting family reunification, which permits both recent immigrants and long-established Canadians to be reunited with their close family members from abroad. The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act maintains this tradition.
Subsection 12(1) provides that foreign nationals may be selected as members of the family class on the basis of their relationship to a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident; subsection 13(1) allows Canadian citizens and permanent residents to sponsor members of the family class. Family class members include the spouse, common-law partner (opposite and same sex), conjugal partner, dependent children, parents, grandparents and other prescribed family members.
The new Act and Regulations reflect Canada?s commitment to family reunification while recognizing that this must be done with an accountability of the sponsor to honor their obligations in the care and maintenance of the new immigrants.
STUDY VISA
About 130,000 foreign students are enrolled in Canada every year to pursue academic, vocational, and professional training, in addition to many more short-term French and English language students. Canada encourages qualified foreign students. Most foreign students must have a study permit. You do not need a study permit if your course of study will be six months or less. Citizens and permanent residents of the U.S., St.-Pierre-et-Miquelon, and Greenland can apply at a port of entry. Everyone else has to apply to a consulate. There are some exceptions. For instance, if you already have a work permit, or your spouse or parent holds a work permit, or you want to extend an existing study permit, you can apply from within Canada.
Unlike the United States, you may not attend a university just because you have a work permit. You must obtain a study permit. Canada has recently been cracking down on visitors who begin studies without the proper permit.
You must have the following to get a study permit:
- A letter of acceptance from the school you will be attending.
- Proof that you have the financial means to pay tuition and your living expenses.
- Medical clearance if you live in a country considered having a high rate of infections disease.
- Proof that you will return to your home country after your studies are completed.
- Knowledge of French or English.
- If you are attending school in the Province of Quebec, you must also apply for a Certificate d'Acceptance from Quebec.
Many student visas are denied because the visa officer believes the student will not return to his native country. You will be successful if you emphasize that you are pursuing a course of study that will prepare you for job opportunities in your native country, not just in Canada; and that you have strong social, economic and family ties to your home country.
Students are allowed to work in Canada under several circumstances, including: on campus employment; and one year of post-graduate employment, which must begin within 60 days of graduation. Spouses and common law partners (including same sex partners) of foreign students can obtain work authorization for the entire period of the student authorization. This is a big advantage over the United States, where spouses of F-1 students are not allowed to work.
Since May 16, 2005, students who have studied for at least two years in Canada can apply for two years of post-graduate employment. This is only available to students whose university was not located in Toronto, Montreal, or Vancouver, and whose employment is not in Toronto, Montreal, or Vancouver. This is very helpful to students who want to apply for permanent residence in Canada.
Under a new policy announced on April 27, 2006, most students can apply for study permits to work off campus after attending school full-time for six months. The permits allow off-campus employment in any job for 20 hours a week during school, and full time when school is not in session
WORK PERMITS
Each year, close to 100,000 foreign nationals enter Canada to work.
Canadian citizens and Canadian Permanent Residents have the right to work in Canada. As a general rule, most other individuals require a Work Permit, issued by Canadian Immigration Officials, before commencing employment activities in Canada.
Work In Canada - Basic Facts
- For Canadian Immigration purposes, "work" is defined as an activity for which remuneration is earned or an activity that competes directly with activities of Canadian citizens or Permanent Residents in the Canadian labour market.
- Canadian Immigration authorities do not permit a limited number of work related activities in Canada without a Work permit.
- A job offer from a Canadian Employer is usually a prerequisite to receiving a Work Permit.
- In some instances, Canadian Immigration Regulations allow for "open" Work Permits that are not employer specific.
- Work Permits are always temporary in nature, but often can be extended from inside Canada.
- Normally, Work Permits will only be granted by Canadian Immigration authorities if supported by a positive "Labour Market Opinion" (LMO) letter issued by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC), indicating that the proposed employment will not adversely affect Canadian workers.
Canadian Plasterers / Drywall Installers
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as Plasterers / Drywall Installers, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis, for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government-approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable 3-year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences).
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Clean and prepare surfaces;
- Mix plaster ingredients in trough to desired consistency;
- Apply, level and smooth coats of plaster using trowels, floats, brushes and spraying equipment;
- Trowel or spray coats of stucco over exteriors of buildings to form weatherproof surfaces;
- Finish corners and angles and create decorative designs in finish coat, if required;
- Cure freshly plastered surfaces;
- Mould and install ornamental plaster panels, cornices and trim;
- Spray acoustic materials or texture finish over walls and ceilings.
Drywall installers and finishers perform some or all of the following duties:
- Measure, cut and fit drywall sheets for installation on walls and ceilings;
- Position and secure sheets to metal or wooden studs or joists;
- Cut and install metal corner beads to protect exterior corners;
- Fill joints, nail indentations, holes and cracks with joint compound using trowel and broad knife;
- Tape over joints using taping machine and embed tape in compound;
- Smooth out excess compound and allow coat to dry;
- Apply successive coats of compound and sand seams and joints;
- Fabricate and install suspended metal ceiling grids and place in panels to form acoustical and coffered ceilings.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Plasterer / Drywall Installer.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
Canada Carpenters / Cabinetmakers
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as Cabinetmakers, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable 4 year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Study plans, specifications or drawings of articles to be made, or prepare specifications
- Mark outlines or dimensions of parts on wood
- Operate woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, mortisers and shapers, and use hand tools to cut, shape and form parts and components
- Trim joints and fit parts and subassemblies together to form complete unit using glue and clamps and reinforce joints using nails, screws or other fasteners
- Sand wooden surfaces and apply veneer, stain or polish to finished products
- Repair or restyle wooden furniture, fixtures and related products
- May estimate amount, type and cost of materials required.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Cabinetmaker.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the following questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
Canada Bricklayers / Stonemasons
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as Bricklayers, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis, for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable 3-year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences).
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Read sketches and blueprints to calculate materials required;
- Cut and trim bricks and concrete blocks to specification using hand and power tools;
- Prepare and lay bricks, concrete blocks, stone, structural tiles and similar materials to construct or repair walls, foundations and other structures in residential, industrial and commercial construction;
- Lay bricks or other masonry units to build residential or commercial chimneys and fireplaces;
- Lay radial bricks to build masonry shells of industrial chimneys;
- Lay or install firebricks to line industrial chimneys and smokestacks;
- Line or reline furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations using refractory or acid-resistant bricks, refractory concretes, plastic refractories and other materials;
- Lay bricks, stone or similar materials to provide veneer facing to walls or other surfaces;
- Construct and install prefabricated masonry units;
- Lay bricks or other masonry units to build patios, garden walls and other decorative installations;
- May restore, clean or paint existing masonry structures.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Bricklayer / Stonemason.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program
Canadian Welders
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Operate manual or semi-automatic welding equipment to fuse metal segments using processes such as gas tungsten arc (GTAW), gas metal arc (GMAW), flux-cored arc (FCAW), plasma arc (PAW), shielded metal arc (SMAW), oxy-acetylene (OAW), resistance welding and submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Operate manual or semi-automatic flame cutting equipment
- Operate brazing and soldering equipment
- Operate metal shaping machines such as brakes, shears and other metal straightening and bending machines
- Repair worn parts of metal products by welding on extra layers.
- Operate previously set up welding machines such as spot, butt and seam resistance or gas and arc welding machines to fabricate or repair metal parts
- Operate previously set up brazing or soldering machines to bond metal parts or to fill holes, indentations and seams of metal articles with solder
- Start up, shut down, adjust and monitor robotic welding production line
- Assist with the maintenance and repair of welding, brazing and soldering equipment
- May adjust welding heads and tooling according to work specifications
- Read and interpret blueprints or welding process specifications
Additional qualifications may be required depending on the province of employment:
- Completion of secondary school is usually required.
- Completion of a three-year apprenticeship program
or
A combination of over three years of work experience in the trade and some college or industry courses in welding is usually required to be eligible for trade certification.
Individuals who meet the above four (4) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Welder.
How to proceed forward with our assistance. Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
Canadian Truck Drivers
We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis for immediate full-time employment in the Canadian trucking industry. There is no required investment.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must be a minimum of 25 years old, (max 55 years old).
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
- Your driver's licence must show an accident free record during the past 4 years (HGV & Automobile).
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Operate and drive straight or articulated trucks, weighing over 4600 kg with three or more axles to transport goods and material to destinations
- Oversee all aspects of vehicles, such as condition of equipment, loading and unloading, and safety and security of cargo
- Perform pre-trip inspection of vehicle systems and equipment such as tires, lights, brakes and cold storage
- Perform emergency roadside repairs
- Obtain special permits and other documents required to transport cargo on international routes
- Record cargo information, distance travelled, fuel consumption and other information in log book or on on-board computer
- Communicate with dispatcher and other drivers using citizens' band (CB) radio, cellular telephone and on-board computer
- May drive as part of a two-person team or convoy
- May transport hazardous products or dangerous goods.
Line-haul and local truck drivers perform some or all of the following duties:
- Operate and drive straight trucks to transport goods and materials over urban and short inter-urban routes
- May drive lighter, special purpose trucks such as tow trucks, dump trucks, hydrovac trucks or cement mixing trucks
- Perform pre-trip inspection and oversee all aspects of vehicles such as condition of equipment, and loading and unloading of cargo
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above job description may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Long Haul Truck Driver.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
We look forward to assisting you in relocating to Canada soon!
Canada Machinists
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as machinists, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable four year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Read and interpret engineering drawings, blueprints, charts and tables or study sample parts to determine machining operation to be performed, and plan best sequence of operations
- Compute dimensions and tolerances and measure and lay out work pieces
- Set up, operate and maintain a variety of machine tools including computer numerically controlled (CNC) tools to perform precision, non-repetitive machining operations such as sawing, turning, milling, boring, planing, drilling, precision grinding and other operations
- Fit and assemble machined metal parts and subassemblies using hand and power tools
- Verify dimensions of products for accuracy and conformance to specifications using precision measuring instruments
- May set up and program machine tools for use by machining tool operators.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Machinist.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the following questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
Canada Transport truck and trailer mechanics
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis for immediate full-time employment in the Canadian trucking industry.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Adjust, repair or replace parts and components of commercial transport truck systems including chassis, frame, cab, body, engine and drive train, fuel, air brakes, steering, and hydraulic, electrical and electronic systems
- Adjust, repair or replace parts and components of truck trailer systems including structural, brakes and electrical systems.
- Adjust, repair or replace parts and components of automotive systems including fuel, brake, steering and suspension, engine and drive train, emission control and exhaust, cooling and climate control, and electrical and electronic systems using hand tools and other specialized automotive repair equipment
- Test and adjust repaired systems to manufacturer's performance specifications.
- Perform scheduled maintenance service, such as oil changes, lubrications and tune ups
- Advise customers on work performed, general vehicle conditions and future repair requirements.
Additional qualifications may be required depending on the province of employment:
- Completion of a four-year truck and transport mechanic or truck-trailer repair apprenticeship or
A combination of over four years of work experience in the trade and high school, college or industry courses in truck or heavy duty equipment mechanics is required to be eligible for trade certification.
Individuals who meet the above four (4) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Transport truck and trailer mechanic.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
We look forward to assisting you in relocating to Canada soon!
Canada Glazier
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as Glaziers, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis, for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable 3-year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences).
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Read and interpret blueprints and specifications to determine type and thickness of glass, frame, installation procedure and materials required;
- Measure and mark glass and cut glass using glass cutters or computerized cutter;
- Tint glass and create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting or painting designs;
- Assemble, erect and dismantle scaffolds, rigging and hoisting equipment;
- Position glass panes into frames and secure glass using clips, points or mouldings;
- Assemble and install prefabricated glass, mirrors or glass products on walls, ceilings or exteriors of building;
- Fabricate metal frames for glass installation;
- Install, fit, fabricate and attach architectural metals or related substitute products in commercial and residential buildings;
- Install pre-cut mirrors and opaque and transparent glass panels in frames to form exterior walls of buildings;
- Replace glass in furniture and other products;
- Prepare and install skylights, showcases and aquariums and stained or other special glass in churches, museums, sports and other establishments;
- Repair and service residential windows, commercial aluminum doors and other glass supporting structures, and replace damaged glass or faulty sealant;
- May prepare cost estimates for customers or clients.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Glazier.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program.
Canada Pipe Fitters
We are currently accepting requests from foreign nationals with suitable experience and training as Pipe fitters, seeking to live and work in Canada on an expedited basis for immediate full time employment in this occupation in Canada.
Our fast track work programs provide qualified applicants and their families with immediate temporary entry to Canada on the basis of a government approved offer of full time employment commensurate with their qualifications.
Qualified applicants will receive work permits for immediate entry to Canada along with their family dependents. Thereafter qualified applicants and their families may also apply for Canadian permanent residence.
To qualify, prospective applicants must meet the following basic requirements:
- You must have a minimum of 2+ years of relevant experience.
- You must have completed a suitable 4-5 year apprenticeship program.
- You must have good English or French language skills.
- You must attest to being drug free.
- You must have a clean police record during the past 5 years (excluding speeding offences.
If you meet the above minimum requirements you must have experience carrying out the majority of the following duties:
- Read and interpret drawings, blueprints and specifications to determine layout requirements
- Cut openings for pipe in walls, floors and ceilings using hand or power tools or machines
- Select type and size of pipe required
- Measure, cut, thread and bend pipe to required shape using hand and power tools
- Weld, braze, cement, solder and thread joints to join pipes and fabricate sections of piping system
- Install supports, valves, piping and control systems
- Test system for leaks using testing equipment
- Clean and maintain pipe units and fittings and flush system
- Remove and replace worn components and reactivate system
- May prepare cost estimates for clients.
Individuals who meet the above five (5) basic requirements and who perform the majority of the above descriptions may be eligible for our Fast Track Work Program as a Pipe fitter.
How to proceed forward with our assistance
- Complete the questionnaire and we will further evaluate your qualifications.
- We will evaluate your qualifications and contact you within 1-2 business days to discuss the modalities of this program
VISITOR VISA
Canada welcomes more than 35 million visitors each year.
All visitors who wish to enter Canada for a temporary purpose, such as tourists, temporary foreign worker and internatoional students, must apply for and be granted a Temporary Resident Visa(TRV), unless they are citizens of a Visa exempt Country.
The TRV is a document issued by a Canadian Visa Office outside Canada, showing that the holder has satisfied the requirements for admission to Canada as a visitor. TRVs may be for single entry or multiple entry.As a general rule, tourists are admitted for a period of six months. Temporary foreign workers and international students are admitted for varying periods of time, as determined on a case-by-case basis. Extensions may be applied for within Canada.
However, possession of a valid TRV does not necessarily mean that the Immigration Officer at the Canadian Port of Entry will admit the visitor into Canada. At the Port of Entry, all visitors must demonstrate that the purpose of their visit to Canada is of a temporary nature. Canadian Immigration Officers at the Port of Entry will deny admission to all persons who, in their opinion, do not intend to leave Canada at the expiry of their visitor status.
In addition, criminality and medical issues may prevent a visitor from entering Canada. Visitors to Canada must also be able to prove their ability to support themselves during their intended temporary stay in Canada.
Canadian Citizenship:
To qualify for Canadian Citizenship you must have been physically present in Canada for at least three years (1095 days) during the four years preceding the date of your application, unless there are exceptional circumstances. This test is sometimes referred to as the "1095-Day Rule."
In determining whether exceptional circumstances exist, Citizenship Judges examine the specific facts and circumstances of each individual case. Each case must be assessed on its own merits, and Citizenship Judges have considerable discretion in determining whether exceptional circumstances truly exist. Thus, it is extremely difficult to conclusively pronounce which circumstances will be deemed to be exceptional. The following is a list of factors which may, in some cases, lead Citizenship Judges to "bend" the 1095-Day Rule:
- The applicant is physically present in Canada for most of the required period other than recent absences which occurred immediately before the application for Citizenship was submitted.
- Even though the applicant leaves Canada on a regular basis, the applicant's immediate family and dependents continue to live in Canada.
- The applicant's overall pattern of physical presence in Canada indicates that he or she returns home to Canada, and does not merely "pay a visit" to Canada.
- Despite repeated absences, the total number of days absent from Canada are relatively few.
- The physical absence from Canada is caused by a clearly temporary situation such as employment or study abroad for a limited period of time.
- The quality of the applicant's connection with Canada is more substantial than that which exists with any other country, as reflected by the applicant's involvement in Canadian work and business ventures, community organizations, and payment of Canadian income tax.
HRDC VALIDATIONS
Work Permit is a written authorization to work in Canada issued by the Canadian High Commission to a person who is not a Canadian Citizen or permanent resident of Canada. It is normally valid for specific period of time and for a specific job. The work permit is issued based on the Labour Market opinion through a HRSDC confirmation that the particular job is in high demand in Canada.
Role of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC)
An HRSDC Confirmation for a job is an opinion given to the Canadian High Commission which helps determine the CHC that the employment of the foreign worker is likely to have a positive or a negative impact on the Labour Market in Canada. An HRSDC confirmation may be required in order for a work permit to be issued. The Prospective employer who contact and gets the job offer from the HRSDC initiates the HRSDC confirmation process.
Basic Requirements to Get a work permit for Canada.
The Canadian High Commission must be presented with the fulfilling requirements of the Immigration and Refugee protection act and Regulations. The candidate must also:
Satisfy that the he would leave Canada upon completion of his employment in Canada.
Be a law abiding and with no criminal track record. A submission of Police Clearance certificate would be necessary.
Not be a risk to the security of Canada.
Be in good health after submitting complete medical examination report.
Produce any additional documents as required by the CHC.
Program Benefits
Allows the worker to work legally with full wages.
Individual goes to the intended country with work and employment in hand.
Individual gets paid for his work right from the next day, he starts working.
The processing time for a work visa takes considerably less time than the permanent residency application for any country.
The individual has a choice to return back to his own country after finishing his tenure of employment / work in the intended country of work.
The work permit holder has an additional benefit of subsequently get his work permit case converted into permanent residency status without having to return back to his country of origin.
The work permit holder - gets the employment wages as per the minimum wage and employment standard as recommended by the country's Labor or Human resource and Development department.
LIVE IN CAREGIVER PROGRAM
The Live-in Caregiver Program allows professional caregivers to work in Canada. Caregivers are individuals who are qualified to work without supervision in a private household providing care for children, elderly persons, or people who have disabilities. The live-in caregiver must live in the employer's home.
There are four main requirements you must meet to qualify under the Live-in Caregiver Program:
- You must have successfully completed the equivalent of a Canadian high school education. This requirement will help to ensure that if you apply for permanent residence after two years as a live-in caregiver, you will be able to succeed in the general labour market. Studies indicate that the majority of new jobs in Canada require at least a high school education.
- You must have six months of full-time training in a classroom setting or twelve months of full-time paid employment, including at least six months of continuous employment with one employer in a field or occupation related to the job you are seeking as a live-in caregiver. You may have gained your training or experience in areas such as early childhood education, geriatric care, pediatric nursing, or first aid. You may also have completed your training as part of your formal education. This experience must have been obtained within the three years immediately prior to the day on which you submit an application for a work permit.
- You must be able to speak, read and understand either English or French at a level that allows you to function independently in a home setting. For example, you must be able to contact emergency services if required and to understand labels on medication. You will be unsupervised for most of the day and may be required to communicate with someone outside the home. A good knowledge of English or French will also enable you to read and understand your rights and obligations.
- You must have a written employment contract between you and your future employer. The contract defines your job duties, hours of work, salary, and benefits. The contract also reinforces your employer's legal responsibilities to you. This requirement helps provide a fair working arrangement between the caregiver and the employer and provides both parties with a clear understanding of what is expected of them.
Live-in criteria
An important requirement of the program is that employees must live in the employer's home. The Live-in Caregiver Program exists only because there is a shortage of Canadians or permanent residents to fill the need for live-in care work. There is no shortage of Canadians or permanent residents available for care giving positions where there is no live-in requirement.
Fees
You must pay a fee to have your application processed when you submit it to the visa office. You should contact the Canadian Consulate, Embassy or High Commission nearest you to find out the amount of the fee, or check the visa office Web site.The fee covers only the cost of processing, and you will not get your money back if the visa office does not approve your application. Therefore, you should review the program requirements carefully before making an application.
There will also be costs for a medical examination, passport, and travel. You are responsible for these costs unless your employer offers to pay them.
The application procedure
Your prospective employer will submit a request to hire you to a Human Resources Centre Canada (HRCC). The HRCC will ensure that no Canadian, permanent resident or other temporary worker already in Canada is qualified and available to take the employer's offer of employment. Once the HRCC has confirmed the job offer, it will send the prospective employer a confirmation letter. This letter will instruct your prospective employer to send a copy of the confirmation letter to you. You and your prospective employer should check the visa office Web site for specific information about the next step: applying for a work permit. It is up to you and/or your employer to download the appropriate application forms from the Web site, complete them and send them with the application fee and supporting documents to the visa office.
You will be asked for your diplomas, school certificates, or transcripts listing the courses you have taken. You could be disqualified from the program if you are not honest about your education, training, and experience. You must provide information about your marital status and the number of children you have. This information will not affect the outcome of your application. You may be asked to attend an interview with a visa officer. If your application form is incomplete, or you have not submitted all the required documents, your application will be refused.
If the visa office approves your application, you will be given instructions for medical tests. When CIC officials receive proof that your medical results are satisfactory and that you have met all other requirements, you will be issued a work permit. A work permit is not a travel document. You must also get a passport and a Canadian temporary resident visa (TRV), if required. The requirement for a passport and temporary resident visa will depend on your country of citizenship.
Because of an agreement between the Government of Canada and the Province of Quebec, there are differences in the way the program operates for caregivers who will be working in Quebec. For more information, visit the Web site of the ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles (Quebec Immigration).
Passports and visas
Citizens and permanent residents of the United States, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland do not need a passport or a temporary resident visa to enter Canada. However, you must provide documentary proof of citizenship or permanent residence, such as a national identity card or an alien registration card.
If you are coming from any other country, you will need a passport and you may also require a temporary resident visa. Please refer to the CIC Web site for the list of countries whose nationals need a visa to come to Canada.
The work permit
A work permit from a Canadian visa office will allow you to work in Canada as a live-in caregiver. The work permit is valid for one year, and you must renew it before it expires. You can get an application guide to renew your work permit by contacting the CIC Call Centre at the number listed at the end of this publication or by visiting the CIC Web site. You will need a letter from your employer stating that your job as a live-in caregiver is being offered for another year and a signed contract between you and your employer. Include this letter and a copy of the contract in your application to renew your work permit. You are authorized to work only for the employer named on your permit. However, this does not mean you cannot change employers for personal or other reasons. Both you and your employer should be aware that you are free to change employers while in Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada will not deport you for looking for another place to work. You must have received a new work permit before you begin working for a new employer.
Involvement in any illegal activity could result in the cancellation of your permission to work in Canada. For example, you cannot work for any employer except the one named on your work permit. You cannot accept employment for any type of work except as a live-in caregiver. You cannot work for a new employer, even for a trial period, until you have a new work permit naming the new employer.
The contract
A signed employment contract between you and your employer is a legal requirement of the Live-in Caregiver Program. Your employer must give you a copy of the contract. It is part of the documentation that you must send to the visa office when making your application to work as a live-in caregiver. You will also require a copy of the contract if you need to request a new work permit. Both you and your employer must clearly understand the conditions of your employment before signing the contract. The relationship between employer and live-in employee is like any professional relationship. It is important to clearly set out what each person expects of the other to avoid any misunderstandings about the conditions of the working relationship.
The objective of setting out the relationship in a contract is to get the fairest working arrangement possible for both you and your employer. A contract can help to avoid future problems by protecting your rights and providing a clear statement of your obligations. A contract is a written, detailed job description that also describes the conditions of employment, including the maximum number of hours of work per week, and the wage rate for those hours of work. Nothing in the contract should violate provincial or territorial labour laws, which establish minimum employment standards such as the minimum wage and overtime payment for additional hours worked.
To ensure that the contract is effective, think carefully about what it is for and how you will use it. Later in this booklet, we have provided an example of a contract to assist you. How closely you and your employer follow it in setting up your own contract is up to the both of you. Remember: your contract will indicate what job duties your employer expects of you and will help ensure that your employer fulfills his or her legal responsibilities to you.
You are protected
As a live-in caregiver, you have legal rights respecting fair working conditions and fair treatment under employment standards legislation in most provinces and territories. Nothing in your contract must violate these rights. Employment standards legislation may cover rights in areas such as:
days off each week;
vacation time with pay;
paid public holidays;
overtime pay;
minimum wage;
other protection, including equal pay, equal benefits and notice of employment termination;
maximum charges for room and board.
Hospital and medical care insurance
Under Canada's health insurance system, Canadian residents do not have to pay the cost of certain hospital and medical expenses. However, depending on the province or territory in which you work, you or your employer may be required to pay for you to be covered by the insurance plan. Once in Canada, contact the medical care or hospital insurance office in the province or territory where you are working for more information about the availability and cost of health insurance. You can find this information in the government section of the telephone directory.
Workers' compensation
Many provinces and territories provide for workers' compensation benefits. The Workers' Compensation Plan is a provincial or territorial government insurance plan that will pay your wages if you get sick or are injured on the job. In some provinces or territories, employers must register their employees in the plan; in other provinces or territories, participation is up to the employer. Since the plan is an insurance plan for employers, only the employer pays for it. Your employer cannot deduct money from your wages for this purpose. If workers' compensation is optional in the province or territory in which you will be working, it should be spelled out in your employment contract whether your employer will be participating in the plan. Check the government section of the telephone directory for information on workers' compensation. Find out how to protect yourself and what steps to take if you have an accident at work.
Other benefits: Employment Insurance, Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security
As a live-in caregiver in Canada, you are covered by Employment Insurance (EI). The purpose of EI is to provide you with benefits if you lose your job through no fault of your own. You may be eligible to receive benefits while you are looking for another job. However, Live-in Caregiver Program participants are expected to find a new employer as soon as possible. While you are working, you pay into the EI account through payroll deductions. The amount deducted depends on how much you earn. Your employer also pays into the EI account on your behalf. Your employer must remit both your deduction and his or her contribution to the government. If you lose your job, the EI account will pay you benefits if you qualify.
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) is another plan to which both you and your employer must contribute. The CPP provides for the payment of a retirement pension as early as age 60 if you are no longer working or are working very few hours. The plan also pays disability pensions as well as benefits to the spouse or common-law partner and dependent children of contributors who die. Before you can receive any benefits, you must meet certain conditions of eligibility, including residence requirements. For example, if you work in Canada for only one or two years and then return to your country of previous residence, you will not qualify for a pension.
The Old Age Security (OAS) program provides for the payment of a monthly benefit to residents of Canada who are at least 65 years old. You do not have to contribute directly to this program.
Your employer must include a statement of earnings with your pay cheques. This statement will show your gross and net earnings, specific deductions, the purpose of these deductions and the total hours worked (including overtime) during that pay period.
For more information about EI, CPP or OAS, contact the HRCC nearest you once you are in Canada or visit Human Resources Development Canada's Web site.
Other deductions from your pay
In addition to an agreed-upon amount for room and board, your employer can also deduct income tax from your pay. Your employer must send a record of your wages and deductions to the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) every year. Your employer must also give you a copy of this record by the end of February each year, in the form of a T4 slip. This form will allow you to file your income tax report by April 30 of each year. Depending on the amount of your earnings in the taxation year (which runs from January to December), you may be refunded all or part of what you paid for that year in income tax. You can obtain the income tax form and a booklet to help you complete it at any Canada Post office.
Other working conditions
You have the right to your privacy in your employer's home. For example, you should ask for a lock on the door of your room as well as a key to the employer's house. Off-duty time is yours to spend as you wish. Your employer cannot insist that you spend your own time in his or her house. You also have the right to refuse to do work that is not covered by your contract with your employer.
Your legal documents, such as your passport and work permit, are your private property. Do not give them to your employer.
Studying in Canada
Live-in caregivers who wish to pursue academic or professional courses will require a study permit if the duration of the course or program of study is longer than six months. Applicants for study permits must be aware that the main purpose for their presence in Canada is to work as live-in caregivers. Live-in caregivers may also enroll in non-credit special interest studies without a study permit. You can obtain the application guide for a study permit by contacting the CIC Call Centre or by visiting the CIC Web site. You must pay a processing fee for your study permit.
Changing Jobs
Occasionally, live-in caregivers have no reason or need to change employers. You do not need permission from your present employer to accept a job as a live-in caregiver with a different employer. You cannot be deported for quitting your job or for looking for other employment as a live-in caregiver. You should be aware that it is your responsibility to find a new employer. Your HRCC may be able to provide information about available live-in caregiver positions.
Your new employer must have the offer of employment confirmed by an HRCC. Include a copy of the HRCC's letter, which confirms the confirmation of the offer of employment, with your application for a new work permit. You must get a new work permit before you begin to work for your new employer. You can get an application guide for your work permit by contacting the CIC Call Centre or by visiting the CIC Web site.
If your work permit is about to expire and you have not yet found a new employer, or the HRCC confirmation has not been processed, send your application to renew your work permit and a letter of explanation to the Case Processing Centre, Vegreville, Alberta, T9C 1C1, at least three weeks before the expiry date of your work permit. Be sure to include your file number, full name and date of birth, and keep a copy for yourself. Do not allow your work permit to expire, even for one day. It is your responsibility to keep your work permit valid.
Working for anyone other than the employer named on your work permit is illegal. You cannot accept trial employment where a new employer offers to "try out" your services for a few weeks or months to determine if you would be a suitable full-time employee. Trial employment is also illegal for an employer. Under the Live-in Caregiver Program, unauthorized employment will not count toward the two-year employment requirement to apply for permanent residence in Canada.
Thinking about quitting?
You will improve your chances of getting another job if you have worked in one job for a considerable period of time. Before quitting your job (unless there are problems of abuse) you should try to solve your work problems by talking about them with your employer. It is reasonable for you and your employer to revise your contract periodically to be sure that it is suitable to both of you. Talk with your employer before taking any action to quit your job. If you decide to quit, give your employer enough notice so that arrangements can be made for your replacement. Check your contract to find out how much notice you have agreed to give your employer. However, you are encouraged to leave a physically abusive situation right away.
Breaking the contract
If you leave your job, your employer must provide you with a record of employment (ROE). Only your employer can get and complete this document. The ROE shows how many weeks you have worked and how much you have earned. You will need this record to apply for EI benefits. If you are not applying for EI benefits, keep your ROE in a safe place. It is your work record and can serve as proof that you have worked the necessary length of time to apply for permanent residence as set out in the Live-In Caregiver Program regulations. Your employer cannot refuse to give you a record of employment. If you are having difficulty getting your ROE, contact your local HRCC and ask officials to follow up with your employer.
Remember that if you change jobs, you must have another contract with your new employer.
Any live-in caregiver who decides to live out, or who accepts any other type of employment, can be disqualified from the program.
If you lose your job
If you need to apply for EI benefits, contact the HRCC nearest you. You will need your record of employment to collect these benefits. If you have not yet received your record of employment, you can still apply for EI. You will be expected to find a new employer as soon as possible. If you wish to apply for permanent residence after you have worked for two years as a live-in caregiver, the two years of work must be completed within three years of your arrival. Periods of unemployment can delay the date on which you can apply for permanent residence and could also cause you to exceed the three years within which you must complete your two years of work.
Applying for permanent residence in Canada
You must complete at least two years of employment as a live-in caregiver to apply for permanent residence in Canada. You must have completed these two years of employment within three years of your arrival in Canada. The two-year requirement does not include any extended time away from Canada. For example, if you go away on vacation for three months, that time will not be included as part of the two years of employment. In some countries, you may need to reapply for a temporary visitor visa before you return to Canada. If you leave Canada for more than one year or if your work permit has expired, you will have to reapply to the overseas visa office to return to Canada under the Live-in Caregiver Program. You are free to leave the program and return permanently to your home country at any time. However, you should give adequate notice to your employer.
If you apply to stay in Canada, you must complete an application for permanent resident status. You can obtain an application guide by contacting the CIC Call Centre or by visiting the CIC Web site. You must prove that you have worked as a full-time live-in caregiver for two years. As proof of your employment, you can use a statement of earnings or T4 slips and any other documentation that would help to prove your work record. If you have changed jobs since your arrival in Canada, you should have a record of employment from each of your former employers. You will not have an ROE for your present job. If you have used your ROEs to apply for Employment Insurance, HRCC staff can provide you with copies.
Your application for permanent residence in Canada will not be assessed on the basis of your financial situation, skills upgrading in Canada, volunteer work, marital status or the number of family members you have in your country of origin. However, you could be found ineligible for permanent residence if you, your spouse or common-law partner, or any of your family members have a criminal record or a serious medical problem.
Your application for permanent residence could be cancelled if you misrepresented your education, training or experience to the visa officer when you first applied under the program.
If you are a live-in caregiver working in Quebec, provincial authorities on additional criteria will also assess you, including your knowledge of French.
Open employment
Once you have received a favourable assessment on your application for permanent resident status, you may apply for an open work permit. This will allow you to take any job you wish until you are granted permanent resident status. You will not receive your permanent resident status immediately. Normally, there are many people applying for permanent residence in Canada at any given time, and it may take time for your application to be processed.
Family members
You can include your family members in your application for permanent residence. You and your family members can then obtain your permanent resident status at the same time. Your family members abroad will be processed for permanent residence at the visa office in their country of residence. They will not be issued their immigrant visas until you have received yours, provided that the entire family passes medical and criminal screening and all other requirements are met. All your family members must pass medical and background checks, whether they are accompanying you or not. You cannot be granted permanent resident status until all your family members have passed their medical and background checks.
You can obtain information about sponsorship and other immigration-related issues by contacting the CIC Call Centre or by visiting the CIC Web site.
USA VISA
Canadians looking for short-term work permits should consider the NAFTA "TN" (treaty national) visa. The visa includes most professional designations. The TN visa is not designed for self-employment. The visa is designed to accommodate short-term employment in a professional capacity. Consultants must demonstrate that they are coming to the US to service a client, not to set up their own US business.
We can package your petition. Applicants may apply at border posts. You will be asked to show your professional credentials, proof of university education, and a cover letter from the employer describing your job duties. The INS border inspector should process your application within a few hours.
If you are already in the US you can apply for TN status by mail through an INS regional processing center.
The Visa lasts one year but is renewable indefinitely. Common sense dictates that the longer you have the TN visa the more scrutiny you face at the border.
The TN visa automatically expires upon application for permanent residence. If you have a TN and want a green card, change status to H1B or E treaty status before applying for the green card. The H1B lasts for up to six years, which is generally more than enough time to process the green card.
The TN visa is only available to Canadian citizens, not landed immigrants.
The TN category offers Canadian professionals a fast track into the US. Once in the US one may consider other options for a longer-term stay.
You may be thinking; "Wasn't Mexico was included in NAFTA too?" Yes they were, and the TN visa is available to Mexican Citizens also, but they must apply through the INS Service Centers inside the United States, and are subject to longer processing times. Our Mexican clients often wonder why this is too.
L-1A International Managers
- Manager or executive works for foreign company that is related to a US company by 50% or more common ownership. The manager must have worked for the foreign company for one of the past three years and must be coming to the US company to work in a managerial or executive capacity.
E-1 Treaty Traders
- Manager or executive from a treaty country controls substantial trade between the US and the treaty country. Substantial as a general rule means $500,000 or more a year of trade.
E-2 Treaty Investors
- Owner or Developer of the new enterprise from a treaty country (see list of treaty countries) has 50% or more ownership in a substantial US employment creating investment. As a general rule substantial means $200,000 or more. Although smaller investments are often approved the risk of denial increases as one heads south of $200,000.
Eb(5) Immigrant Investors.
- Individual invests $500,000 in a high unemployment area (150% of national unemployment rate) or $1,000,000 elsewhere and hires 10 persons within 2 years, or invests in a Regional Center and may use job multiplier studies instead of direct employment. Because this category has been controversial INS processing times are slow and unpredictable.
None of the investor categories have language, education, or business experience requirements.
The Investor Decision Tree
- You own or control a business in your home country and want to establish a branch office, affiliated company, or subsidiary in the USA.
- Use the L1A visa. INS grants 1 year to start up the US business with a total extension periods of seven years. The biggest advantage of the L1A visa is that it can be easily converted to a green card after doing business in the U.S. for one year.
- You own or control a business in your home country that already owns a U.S. branch office, affiliated company, or subsidiary company.
- You can apply for a green card as a managerial transfer from abroad without coming to the US, you can come to the US as an L1A (above), or you can come to the US as E1 or E2 if you are from a treaty company. In all cases you may apply for a green card as long as you qualify as an international manager (serving one of past three years as manager or executive of the foreign company).
- You want to establish a US business that is not connected with an overseas company.
- If you are a citizen of a treaty country you can use E1 if the US business is based on trade or in all other cases use E2. If you do not also qualify as a managerial transfer you will probably never qualify for a green card unless you invest $500,000 or $1,000,000 per the Eb5 category. If you want to know why, you need to contact us. Otherwise take our word for it. It's too complicated to describe in summary form.
Now you need to know the basic differences between the E visas and Green cards.
The green card lasts forever, and permits one to work, invest, study, or do none of the above with complete freedom. Green card holders are subject to US worldwide taxation and must make the US their permanent residence. Green card holder dependents also receive green cards valid for the rest of their lives.
E visa holders may only work for themselves or the E visa enterprise. E visas may be extended as long as the E visa enterprise is operating. E visas are generally issued in five year increments. E visa dependent children loose their E visa status when they turn 21 years of age. At that time they need to find another status. E visa holders and dependents may study in the US. E visa holders do not have to live in the US any particular amount of time and may arrange their affairs so they are not subject to world wide taxation.
Those wishing to retire in America, live in America say six months a year and have no kids under 21 years of age, should consider an E visa investment. In this case the E visa is more flexible both for tax purposes and there's no requirement to come to the US for at least one time every six months. The US does not have a retirement visa category. The E visa is as close as it gets.
Families with young children need to consider the fate of their children once they turn 21. In this case green cards are the better alternative. If a green card is not possible, then consider that children can go to university on F1 visas, upon graduation qualify for H1B visas and at some point they will get married, more than likely to a US citizen. If you don't qualify for a green card and don't want to expose your children to the added immigration pressure of having "if" status then stay home or invest under Eb5 below.
E-2 Visas
The Treaty Investor Visa permits citizens of certain countries to reside in the United States through an investment in the U.S.A. The investor must come to manage or oversee the investment.
The Treaty Trader visa is the same as the Treaty Investor visa except that it involves qualifying trade between the US and the treaty country. Instead of investing the qualifying activity is import/export of goods or services.
One may invest in virtually anything or trade in virtually anything. While some under $200,000 investments are approved, its safe to say that the investment capital and reserves should total at least $200,000 and the applicant must be prepared to demonstrate that the business will employ at least 3 - 4 persons. Minimum annual trade should be at least $500,000. The investment funds and the applicant both must come from the same Treaty Country. 50% or more of the U.S. investment must be owned by citizens of the Treaty Country.
Who uses the Treaty Investor Visa?
Large companies who establish manufacturing plants
Real estate investors
Small businessmen who purchase a franchise or small business
Retirees who use the Treaty Investor visa as a means of getting US status so they can retire in America.
The Treaty Investor visa lasts as long as one maintains the investment. That's good and bad. If you sell the business you loose the visa unless the money is reinvested.
The Treaty Investor Visa includes the principal applicant and children under 21. At the age of 21 children must either convert to an investor green card by investing more capital or get married or attend a US University and then find job as an H1B professional or make an investment them selves as a Treaty Investor.
The E2 has tax advantages. Green card holders pay tax US income tax on world wide income or they can loose their green card. This can be expensive for people with foreign sources of income. E2 visa holders have ways to avoid worldwide taxation. Green card holders have no way out. For this reason many investors prefer the E2 visa to the green card.
One may not apply for a treaty trader or treaty investor visa unless the funds are committed to an investment or unless trade exists. Traders must come to the US as business visitors to get things going before applying for the Treaty Trader visa. Traders must produce evidence of existing trade such as purchase orders and bills of lading to obtain the visa. Investors must place their funds in the hands of a bank or closing agent who is instructed to release the funds to the seller of the property or business upon visa approval. Investors developing their own business must come to the US as business visitors to get the business started before applying for the Treaty Investor visa.
Provincial Nomination Program
The Provincial Nomination Program allows provinces to nominate immigrants to Canada who are interested in settling in their province and who will be able to contribute to the province's economic development.
Most provinces in Canada participate in the Provincial Nomination Program. Participating provinces sign agreements with the Government of Canada that allow the provinces to directly select immigrants who meet the requirements they have established. Immigrants who wish to apply as a Provincial Nominee must first apply to the province where they wish to settle:
Before submitting their application to immigrate to Canada, a Nominee must first receive a nomination from a province. After a successful nomination by a province, a separate application must be made to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) for permanent residence.
Alberta Provincial Nominee Program
In order to apply for a nomination in Alberta, the Nominee must first have been offered a valid employment opportunity in Alberta. The employment opportunity is considered valid if it is Full-time and permanent,Unable to be filled by a Canadian resident; For a critical skilled position in short supply in Alberta and Consistent with provincial employment standards, wage standards and collective bargaining agreements.
A Nominee's application will be evaluated based on their:
- Work experience relevant to the employment opportunity;
- Qualifications required by employer and industry standards;
- Ability to settle successfully in Alberta.
British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program
In British Columbia, Provincial Nominations can be granted in one of two streams:
- Strategic Occupations or
- Business Categories
Strategic Occupation
To qualify for this category, the nominee must have an employment opportunity that could not be filled by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, and be either:
- A skilled worker, specifically in the aerospace, post secondary education, information and high technology industries, although workers in other industries may also qualify; or
- A health care professional, specifically doctors, nurses, and midwives, although other health care professionals may also qualify.
Business Categories
There are three separate business categories, with different minimum requirements:
Nominees in the Business Skills Category must have:
- A minimum net worth of CDN $2 million;
- A minimum investment of CDN $800,000;
- A minimum 1/3 equity; and
- A business plan to create a minimum of 5 new jobs in BC, successful business experience, and an active management role.
Nominees in the Regional Development Category must have:
- A business project located outside the Greater Vancouver Area;
- A minimum net worth of CDN $600,000;
- A minimum investment of CDN $300,000 excluding real estate;
- A minimum 50% equity; and
- A business that will create a minimum of 2 new jobs and an active management role.
Nominees in the Projects Category must be skilled managers or technical professionals essential to the success of a project that:
- Is proposed by a company with a proven record of successful experience in an area relevant to the proposed business;
- Is a new investment or business expansion of at least CDN $1 million; and
- Will create a minimum of 5 new jobs.
Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program
In Manitoba, Provincial Nomination can be granted in one of two categories:
- Skilled Worker Nominees
- Business Nominees
Skilled Worker Nominees
There are four streams for Nomination of skilled workers:
- Employer Direct Stream
- International Student Stream
- Family Support Stream
- Community Support Stream
Nominees in the Employer Direct Stream must be able to demonstrate that they will settle permanently in Manitoba, and have an employment opportunity with an employer who:
- Has been unable to fill the position with a Canadian citizen or permanent resident;
- Is offering full time, permanent position; and
- Offers compensation consistent with regional wages and existing collective bargaining agreements.
Nominees in the International Student Stream must:
- Have graduated from a post-secondary program in Manitoba;
- Have successfully applied for a post-graduation work permit from Citizenship and Immigration Canada and be currently working in Manitoba; and
- Be currently working in Manitoba and have received a full-time, permanent employment offer from their employer.
Nominees in the Family Support Stream must have a close relative in Manitoba (meaning a parent, child, sibling, cousin, niece/nephew, aunt/uncle, or grandparent), and must meet the following minimum criteria:
- Be between the age of 21 and 49
- Have a minimum of a 1 year post-secondary education or training program and received a diploma, certificate or degree;
- Have a minimum of two years work experience over the past five years; and
- Sufficient language skills to be employable upon arrival in Manitoba.
Nominees in the Community Support Stream must have the strong support of an established community organization, and must meet the following minimum criteria:
- Be between the age of 21 and 49
- Have a minimum of a 1 year post-secondary education or training program and received a diploma, certificate or degree;
- Have a minimum of two years work experience over the past five years; and
- Sufficient language skills to be employable upon arrival in Manitoba.
If a potential Nominee fails to qualify for certain requirements of any of the above four Skilled Worker streams, it is still possible to apply under the general stream of Manitoba Provincial Nomination, but only if the potential Nominee meets certain minimum points requirement established by the Manitoba government based on age, work experience, education, language skills, and family relations in Manitoba.
Business Nominees
To qualify as a Business Nominee, the nominee must be willing to establish a business in Manitoba, and must:
- Have a minimum personal net worth of CDN $250,000;
- Have a minimum equity investment in Manitoba of CDN $150,000;
- Demonstrate business experience or extensive experience in senior management of a successful company; and
- Supply a CDN $75,000 cash deposit to the Government of Manitoba, guaranteeing the establishment or purchase of a business in Manitoba and returned once the proposed business and investment in Manitoba has been undertaken.
New Brunswick Provincial Nominee Program
In New Brunswick, Provincial Nominations can be granted in one of two categories:
- Job Offer Applicants or
- Business Applicants
Job Offer Applicants
To qualify as a Job Offer applicant, the Nominee must promise to settle permanently in New Brunswick, and have an offer of employment that:
- Is full time and permanent;
- Is from an established New Brunswick company;
- Is consistent with provincial employment standards and industry rates of pay; and
- Involves skills that local workers have difficulty providing.
Business Applicants
To qualify as a Business applicant, the Nominee must:
- Be willing to sign an agreement to settle permanently in New Brunswick;
- Have previous management experience as a senior executive and/or business owner;
- Have sufficient funds to finance the planned business venture and to support their family for a period of up to two years;
- Participate in the business in an active managerial role; and
- Be able to speak English and/or French, and if not, prepared to take intensive language lessons prior to being nominated.
Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Nominee Program
In Newfoundland and Labrador, all Nominees must demonstrate sufficient ability to communicate in French and/or English and a willingness to settle permanently in the province. Provincial nomination can be granted in one of three categories:
- Occupational/Skilled Worker
- Immigrant Entrepreneur
- Immigrant Partner
Occupational/Skilled Worker
To qualify for the Occupational/Skilled Worker category, the Nominee must have an employment opportunity that:
- Is full time and permanent;
- Utilizes specialized skills that could not otherwise be obtainable in Canada;
- Is within the province's Strategic Sector list, including knowledge-based industries, manufacturing, natural resources, agriculture and agrifoods, health care, tourism, fishing, and cultural industries, although employment in other industries may also be valid; and
- Is consistent with provincial employment and wage standards.
Skilled Worker Nominees may also be required to visit Newfoundland and Labrador for a pre-employment interview with the employer and the Department of Innovation, Trade and Rural Development.
Immigrant Entrepreneur
To qualify for the Immigrant Entrepreneur Category, the Nominee must:
- Establish or purchase a business that is within the province's Strategic Sector list, including knowledge-based industries, manufacturing, natural resources, agriculture and agrifoods, health care, tourism, fishing, and cultural industries, although employment in other industries may also be valid;
- Have a minimum of five years of senior management or entrepreneurial experience in a business similar to the one proposed;
- Have a minimum net worth of CDN $450,000, of which at least CDN $350,000 should be in liquid assets; Be prepared to sign a Performance Agreement promising a minimum business investment of CDN $200,000 to establish a new business or purchase all or part of an existing business;
- Be prepared to make a CDN $100,000 deposit that will be returned once the obligations of the performance agreement has been met; and
- Prior to the completion of the application, be willing to make an exploratory visit to Newfoundland and Labrador at the Nominee's expense, and submit a detailed business plan.
Immigrant Partner
Under this category, a Nominee may partner together with a maximum of three other immigrant partners to undertake or purchase a business, without having to play a self-employed or entrepreneurial role. To qualify for the Immigrant Partner category, the Nominee must:
- Have a minimum net worth of CDN $750,000, of which at least CDN $350,000 should be in liquid assets;
- Be prepared to make a minimum business investment of $200,000 to establish a new enterprise or invest in an existing business within the greater St. John's area, or $100,000 outside the greater St. John's area;
- Play an active role in managing the business, including either as director or senior management;
- Pay a deposit of CDN $25,0000 that is returnable after one year once the minimum investment and management obligation has been undertaken; and
- Prior to the completion of the application, be willing to make an exploratory visit to Newfoundland and Labrador at the Nominee's expense, and submit a detailed business plan.
Nova Scotia Provincial Nominee Program
In Nova Scotia, Provincial Nominations can be granted in one of two categories:
- Skilled Worker Stream
- Economic Stream
Skilled Worker Stream
To qualify as a Skilled Worker, the Nominee must have:
- A guaranteed job offer from a Nova Scotia employer who has exhausted all other options for finding workers and offers standard wages and working conditions for that occupational field;
- A desire for permanent, full-time employment;
- Basic literacy in English; and
- Minimum of Nova Scotia grade 12 or an equivalent thirteen years of schooling.
Economic Stream
Nova Scotia is not accepting applications under the Economic Stream between July 2006 and December 2006
Nominees under this stream are given a six-month work experience contract with a Nova Scotia employer. To qualify in the Economic stream, the Nominee must:
- Be between 25-60 years of age;
- Have basic speaking, writing, and reading skills in English;
- Minimum of Nova Scotia grade 12 or an equivalent thirteen years of schooling;
- Should have owned and operated a business, or have two years of management experience in the previous five years;
- Have a minimum net worth of Canadian CDN $300,000; and
- Be willing to pay CDN $128,000 to cover the cost of paid management work experience guaranteed to all successful applicants. This amount will be returned if the applicant is refused a Canada Immigration Visa.
After the issuing of a Canada Immigration Visa and subsequent landing in Canada, the Nominee will be able to select a middle management work experience contract for a minimum of six months with a minimum salary of CDN $20,000.
Prince Edward Island Provincial Nominee Program
In Prince Edward Island (PEI), Provincial nomination can be granted in one of four categories:
- Skilled Worker
- Immigrant Entrepreneur
- Immigrant Partner
- Immigrant Connections
Skilled Worker
To qualify in the Skilled Worker category, a Nominee must have:
- An offer of employment from a local employer;
- Education and training consistent with the position offered;
- A moderate command of the English and French language if required for the position; and
- The intention to settle in Prince Edward Island.
Immigrant Entrepreneur
To qualify in the Immigrant Entrepreneur category, a Nominee must:
- Have a minimum net worth of $400,000;
- Have a business plan that demonstrate a capacity to establish a successful business in the Prince Edward Island business environment;
- Pay a CDN $100,000 deposit which is held in escrow and returned to the Nominee after one year's residency and undertaking of the required investment;
- Pay a CDN $25,000 as a good faith deposit that is returned after Nominee has resided for one year in PEI;
- Place $20,000 in escrow with the Government of PEI should the Nominee's capacity in English or French be insufficient to be interviewed in that language. This language deposit will be returned if the Nominee demonstrates moderate language skills, in English or French, after arrival in PEI; and
- Meet at least some of the following criteria:
- Be less than 55 years of age;
- Have a minimum 14 years of education, including one (or more) post-secondary certificates or degrees;
- Be capable of being interviewed in English or French; and
- Have several years of management or business ownership experience in a sector relevant to the PEI economy.
Immigrant Partner
The Immigrant Partner category is intended for Nominees who propose to make an investment in a PEI company and to take an active role as director or senior manager in the company. To qualify in the Immigrant Partner category, a Nominee must:
- Have a minimum net worth of CDN $400,000;
- Be prepared to make a CDN $200,000 investment in a PEI company and to pay a CDN $25,000 deposit to be returned on evidence of one year's residency in PEI; and
- Meet at least some of the following criteria:
- Be less than 55 years of age;
- Have a minimum 14 years of education, including one (or more) post-secondary certificates or degrees;
- Be capable of being interviewed in English or French; and
- Have several years of management or business ownership experience in a sector relevant to the PEI economy.
Immigrant Connections
Immigrants who have already established themselves in PEI can make requests for family members that they would like PEI to nominate. In order for the established immigrant to make such a recommendation, they must mete the criteria of a "Champion". Champions are those that:
- Have lived in PEI for more than two years after receiving permanent residency status; and
- Have a regular source of income sufficient for their needs and the needs of their dependents.
To be recommended by Champions, Nominees must:
- Unless they are an older parent, have an offer of employment or, in the view of the Province, a capacity to work on PEI; and
- Be in good health, including their dependents.
Saskatchewan Provincial Nominee Program
In Saskatchewan, a Nomination can be granted to:
- Skilled Workers
- Health Professionals
- Business Persons
- Farmers
- Students
- Family Members
Skilled Workers
To qualify as a Skilled Worker, a Nominee must have an offer of permanent full-time employment in Saskatchewan:
- As a skilled worker or professional; or
- In a management position; or
- Having already worked in Saskatchewan for a minimum of six months on a temporary work permit.
Health Professionals
To qualify as a Health Professional, a Nominee must:
- Be working in Saskatchewan on a temporary work permit; and
- Have an offer of full-time permanent employment.
Business Persons
To qualify as a Business Person, a Nominee must:
- Have proven experience in managing a business;
- Have significant funds for establishing a new businessor partnership in an existing Saskatchewan business, in which the applicant will have an ongoing management role;
- Complete a business plan demonstrating that the business will create jobs in Saskatchewan be of significant benefit to key sectors of the Saskatchewan economy;
- Undertake at least one trip to Saskatchewan to meet with industry associations, regional economic development authorities, businesses, and other organizations as appropriate; and
- Provide a full disclosure of business assets and debt.
Farmers
To qualify as a Farmer, a Nominee must:
- Have a net worth of $500,000;
- Supply a signed offer to purchase a Saskatchewan farming operation, or land for a new farm operation;
- Visit Saskatchewan within the two-year period prior to making a signed offer to purchase; and
- Demonstrate that they are knowledgeable farm operators.
Students
To qualify as a Student, a Nominee must:
- Have graduated from a program of at least one academic year of full-time study in Saskatchewan and received a certificate, diploma, or degree from a recognized Saskatchewan post secondary educational institution;
- Have worked for a Saskatchewan employer for a minimum of six months under a Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) post graduation work permit; and
- Have a current permanent full-time job offer from their employer.
Family Members
To qualify as a Family Member, a Nominee must:
- Have a signed affidavit of support from one or more family members in Saskatchewan that indicates they will provide settlement assistance;
- Be between the ages of 18-49;
- Have completed at least one year of post-secondary education, training or apprenticeship and have received a diploma, certificate or degree;
- Have at least one year of work experience in their field of education/training;
- Have sufficient language capability to be employable in Saskatchewan; and
- Have a fulltime permanent job offer from an employer in Saskatchewan or, intend to find work in Saskatchewan and have adequate funds to live in the province after arrival.
Fees
Our policy is to offer very competitive block fees, divided up into numerous payments, and to make sure there are no hidden costs. We handle many different types of applications and there are many factors to consider when quoting you a fee.
We are happy to work out flexible payment terms with our clients. We always require an initial up front payment before we start working on a case. We always enter into an easy-to-understand retainer agreement with our clients, which we both sign. These payment terms make hiring us easy. Even though we do a large percentage of our work at the beginning of the process, we usually only require a relatively small percentage of the fees to be paid up front. We want to make our clients comfortable and show them that we are confident in our abilities to obtain the requested visa - we want you to know that we will be with you at each stage of the process. Our fees are partially based on our success. Our final payment is usually made when we are notified that the visa is being issued. We are committed to our client.
Mr. David Orman
Barrister & Solicitor
David Orman, Barrister & Solicitor, Notary Public was called to the Bar in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. He has been practicing immigration law exclusively since that time. He has represented clients in a broad range of immigration matters, including skilled workers and business class applicants, work permits and student visas and family sponsorship cases.
Mr. Orman appears on behalf of clients in various Immigration Courts & Tribunals and in the Federal Courts of Canada.
- Contesting family class and deportation appeals at the Immigration Appeal Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB)
- Appearing at the Federal Court
- Representing refugee claimants at the Refugee Protection Division of the IRB
- Contesting the cases of Detention Review, Deportation Orders and the release of individuals at the Immigration Division of the IRB
Mr. Orman has extensive experience in appealing refused Spousal Sponsorships and Parent Sponsorships and has successfully appealed many cases of spouse and parents refusals since 1994. Mr. Orman enjoys an excellent reputation in the South Asian Communities.
Mr. Orman's policy is to offer very competitive block fees, divided up into numerous payments, and to make sure there are no hidden costs. Mr. Orman can be reached at Atlantic Immigration Tel: 906-362-0202
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